Dynamic light scattering studies of the effects of salts on the diffusivity of cationic and anionic cavitands

• Anthony Wishard and
• Bruce C. Gibb

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 2212–2219, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.195

• light scattering; Hofmeister effect; ion–ion interactions; water; Introduction Although all life on planet Earth depends on aqueous solutions, our understanding of aqueous supramolecular chemistry is limited. As a result, as Smith has eloquently pointed out [1], the effects of buffers and salts on

• . This is the reverse Hofmeister effect, and in complex biomacromolecules we surmise that both effects are in operation, and that in very general terms it is the balance between these that dictates the properties of a particular macromolecule under specific conditions. Cations can also induce Hofmeister

• see no evidence of specific complexation here. More generally, despite the high charge density of 1, monovalent alkali metal ions cannot associate with it sufficiently to induce significant aggregation and a reverse Hofmeister effect. This was not, however, the case with divalent metal ions, which are

From steroids to aqueous supramolecular chemistry: an autobiographical career review

• Bruce C. Gibb

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 684–701, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.69

• , and to contribute to Science’s understanding of the properties of aqueous solutions. As discussed below, the latter can be bifurcated into two general topics: the hydrophobic effect and the Hofmeister effect. However, specific molecular-level understandings of these phenomena are far from complete

• or aqueous solutions lead to a plethora of phenomenon all classified under the banner of “the Hofmeister effect”. The classical manifestation of the Hofmeister effect is the ability to increase or decrease the apparent solubility of organic solutes dissolved in water. Thus for example, sodium sulfate

• significant role in this Hofmeister effect; the question is how [54]? We first started to investigate the Hofmeister effect in 2005 when we were on a forced group sabbatical at the University of Texas, Austin. The principle driving force for our near year long relocation was hurricane Katrina that devastated